Background
With solar development increasing rapidly across the US, the impacts to wildlife and their habitat are often not considered. State fish and wildlife agencies, who exercise primary statutory responsibility for the management of fish and wildlife as a public trust resource within their borders and provide critical scientific expertise and technical guidance, have begun creating their own beneficial management practices (BMPs) to address and minimize wildlife impacts from solar development within their state. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies created a BMP Database as a resource to collate existing state fish and wildlife agency best management practice documents in one standardized, searchable database. This database centralizes all existing BMPs and will allow for a "one-stop-shop” resource for state agencies to update and/or develop their own state-specific best management practices as well as for solar project proponents, and the public.
Methods
Existing solar best management practice documents were gathered from state fish and wildlife agencies by searching each state agency website and/or direct outreach to state energy points of contact to inquire about their resources. Direct links to these resources can be found in the Energy Resources Catalogue. Given that every document contains variable information in various formats, each document was carefully reviewed, and recommendations were identified and categorized appropriately based on the content of each recommendation The categories were identified a priori by technical experts and added to as the state documents were reviewed. The definitions of the categories can be found below.
When a BMP was identified in a state document, it was copied into the database (one row per recommendation) and was subsequently categorized by denoting ‘Yes’ in the appropriate category. The intent of the “Yes” categorization is to aid in the filtering and searchability of the database.
Definitions
GENERAL | General recommendations that don’t fully fall into one category or another. Very few BMPs are categorized under general (catch-all). |
SITING | A recommendation pertaining to siting requirements, for selecting an appropriate location for the installation of a solar facility. For example, site-specific characteristics such as having a certain topography, or proximity to a wetland, for example. |
CONSULTATION | A recommendation to consult or coordinate with the state fish and wildlife agency. |
SPECIES | A recommendation specific to a given species, including state and federally listed species, insects, and plants. **NOTE: this category is denoted by the species common name, not by 'Yes' |
CONNECTIVITY | A recommendation that involves animal movement or habitat corridors. |
SOIL | A recommendation related to soil characteristics or impacts, such as erosion, slope, stormwater issues, and dust. |
HABITAT | A recommendation related to minimizing impacts to habitat, including buffers, habitat fragmentation |
FENCING | A recommendation related to fencing practices including wildlife-friendly fencing, fencing that does or does not allow for wildlife movement, and fencing height. |
WATERWAYS | A recommendation related to waterways such as wetlands, rivers, and streams. **NOTE: this category is denoted by the type fo waterway, such as wetland*** |
MOWING | A recommendation including mowing times, directionality, and blade height. |
VEGETATION MANAGEMENT | A recommendation related to vegetation management, such as herbicide, grazing, and revegetation plans. |
POLLINATOR | A recommendation related to pollinator management including seed mixes to encourage pollinator habitat. |
SEEDING/SUBSTRATE RECOMMENDATIONS | A recommendation related to seeds/plants for the site, mulch, and the use of native vs non-native plants. |
TRANSMISSION LINES/ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE | A recommendation related to infrastructure constructed related to the construction and operation of the site, such as access roads, transmission lines, and man-made retention ponds. |
Instructions To Filter Database
The database may be filtered in a few ways. The easiest way to filter is through a keyword search below. Alternatively, you may filter the database by using the menus below. The filter menu is split into categories and topics. If multiple categories are selected,the search will return any BMP that could satisfy any condition. For example, selecting multiple states will return BMPs for all the states selected. Alternatively, if multiple topics are selected, the search will only return BMPs that are applicable to all of the options selected.
After filters have been selected, press "Search" to filter the dataset. Additional details about specific statements, including their source, may be found by clicking "View" under the details column. To start a new search, either select new filters and search, or click "reset" and create new filters.
Instructions to Export a Search
After applying filters, use the "Export" button underneath the "Search" Button to create a .csv, .json, or tab separated .txt file.
Disclaimer
All the information contained in this database is publicly available. This database serves to collate and organize this publicly published information into a usable, searchable format for ease of access and is intended to be a valuable resource for states as they develop their own Beneficial Management Practices (BMP). It also serves as a comprehensive, one-stop-shop resource for users seeking information. There may be discrepancies between states due to individual state differences. For specific questions or clarifications, please contact the respective state directly. Inclusion in this database does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation by the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA). The sole intent is to provide a useful resource.
Contact Information
Please contact us if you have comments, feedback, suggestions, corrections, or additions to the database at: afwaenergywildlife@gmail.com